El programa informático “Clustering Assessment IDL.IAS.1” para el agrupamiento e integración de píxeles contiguos en imágenes remotas

Contiene 7 documentos (1. Objetivos, alcance y publicaciones. 2. Registro y código) y 5 con el softwareA research group of the Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (CSIC, Cordoba, Spain) has developed a procedure to spatially assess key agronomic and environmental characteristics of tree orchards from remote sensing images through the software named Clustering Assessment® (CLUAS).In the attached paper the CLUAS software development and the information generated by for selected olive orchards and its validation with ground-truth data is shown. CLUAS works as an add-on of ENVI®, and operates integrating the digital values (DV) of the neighboring pixels within a defined range of DV. In the orchards plots trees, other vegetation cover and bare soil were the land uses considered and the range of digital values (BDV) which best define each of them determined. CLUAS provides parameters of each tree, such as the geometric centre, the number of pixels or area, and the integrated digital values or relative potential yield. CLUAS also characterizes key parameters of tree groves, such as the total area and the number, area and the relative potential productivity of the whole trees; and similarly for the other land uses such as vegetation cover and bare soil. Remote images with spatial resolution from 0.25 to 1.5m were suitable for olive grove characterization.CLUAS can contribute to the site-specific management of tree groves, providing quantitative information on each tree, small areas of an orchard, or whole orchards.Peer reviewe

Applying Neural Networks to Hyperspectral and Multispectral Field Data for Discrimination of Cruciferous Weeds in Winter Crops

In the context of detection of weeds in crops for site-specific weed control, on-ground spectral reflectance measurements are the first step to determine the potential of remote spectral data to classify weeds and crops. Field studies were conducted for four years at different locations in Spain. We aimed to distinguish cruciferous weeds in wheat and broad bean crops, using hyperspectral and multispectral readings in the visible and near-infrared spectrum. To identify differences in reflectance between cruciferous weeds, we applied three classification methods: stepwise discriminant (STEPDISC) analysis and two neural networks, specifically, multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF). Hyperspectral and multispectral signatures of cruciferous weeds, and wheat and broad bean crops can be classified using STEPDISC analysis, and MLP and RBF neural networks with different success, being the MLP model the most accurate with 100%, or higher than 98.1%, of classification performance for all the years. Classification accuracy from hyperspectral signatures was similar to that from multispectral and spectral indices, suggesting that little advantage would be obtained by using more expensive airborne hyperspectral imagery. Therefore, for next investigations, we recommend using multispectral remote imagery to explore whether they can potentially discriminate these weeds and crops

Sectioning remote imagery for characterization of Avena sterilis infestations. Part A: Weed abundance

Software was developed to spatially assess key crop characteristics from remotely sensed imagery. Sectioning and Assessment of Remote Images (SARI ®), written in IDL ® works as an add-on to ENVI ®, has been developed to implement precision agriculture strategies. SARI ® splits field plot images into grids of rectangular >micro-images> or >micro-plots>. The micro-plot length and width were defined as multiples of the image spatial resolution. SARI ® calculates different indicators for each micro-plot, including the integrated pixel digital values. Studies on weed patches were done with SARI ® using ground-truth data and remote images of two wheat plots infested with Avena sterilis at LaFloridaII and Navajas (Southern Spain). Patches of A. sterilis represented 47.5 and 19.2% of the field areas at the two locations, respectively; the infested areas were a combination of a few large and several small patches. At LaFloridaII, 2.1% of all patches were >500 m 2 and 55.0% of all patches were smaller than 10 m 2. Based on ground-truth weed abundance data, SARI ® output includes geo-referenced and visual herbicide prescription maps, which could be used with variable-rate application equipment. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.This research was partially financed by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology through the projects AGL2007-60926 and AGL2010-15506.This research was partially financed by the Spanish Commission of Science and Technology through the projects AGL2007-60926 and AGL2010-15506.Peer Reviewe

Mapeo y cuantificación de las infestaciones de Orobanche crenata en guisantes mediante teledetección

Póster presentado en el XIII Congreso Nacional de Malherbología celebrado en La Laguna (Tenerife) en noviembre de 2011.Los jopos (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) son especies parásitas de cultivos leguminosos, muy extendidas en el área mediterránea (García-Torres et al., 1994). La agricultura de precisión trata de determinar y manejar la distribución espacial de factores bióticos, tales como malas hierbas y patógenos, y de factores abióticos y así fundamentar la aplicación de inputs a dosis variables, ajustados a las necesidades de pequeñas aéreas o sub-parcelas. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir brevemente la discriminación de rodales de jopos en el cultivo de guisante (Pisum sativum L.) mediante imágenes remotas multiespectrales y su manejo de precisión mediante el software SARI® (Sectioning and Assessment of Remote Images) un módulo complementario de ENVI® que divide y cuantifica la imagen de una parcela en sub-parcelas.Esta investigación se ha financiado en parte a través de los proyectos AGL2007-60926 (FEDER) y AGL2010-15506 (FEDER).Peer reviewe

Propuestas para mejorar la divulgación y comunicación en el IAS-CSIC

Ciencia en el Sur: II Encuentro de comunicadores/as y divulgadores/as del CSIC en Andalucía y Extremadura, Sevilla, 25-26 de noviembre de 2021.Presentación de las propuestas para mejorar la divulgación y comunicación que se realiza en el Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible.Peer reviewe

Degradation of isoproturon, propyzamide and alachlor in soil with constant and variable incubation conditions

10 pages, 4 tables, 8 figuresIsoproturon, propyzamide and alachlor were incubated in a sandy clay loam soil either with constant conditions (10 ºC or 20 ºC with soil moisture at 10% or 20% by weight) or with variable temperature at constant soil moisture, variable soil moisture at constant temperature, or with both temperature and soil moisture varying over time. Rates of degradation in the constant condition incubations approximated to first-order kinetics in all treatments, and the first-order half-lives derived from the data were used to parameterize a simple mathematical model that simulated degradation when temperature and/or moisture varied on a daily basis. Calculations from the model gave excellent agreement with observed dissipation patterns of isoproturon, gave acceptable predictions of the behaviour of alachlor but were not precise with propyzamide. When the soil was exposed to wetting and drying cycles, propyzamide degradation was initially slower than that predicted, but the rate of loss increased after about 30-35 days, indicating microbial adaptation to degrade the compound under these experimental conditions. The implications of the results for simulation of pesticide degradation in field soils are discussed.BBSRC and MAFF (UK)Peer reviewe

Adsorption of isoproturon, diuron and metsulfuron-methyl in two soils at high soil: solution ratios

10 pages, 1 table, 5 figuresRates of degradation of isoproturon, diuron and metsulfuron-methyl were measured in two soils incubated at two temperatures (5 and 25 °C) with soil moisture at a matric potential of −5 kPa. Rates of change in soil solution concentration were also measured after extraction of water from the soil using a centrifugation technique. The data, in general, indicated a more rapid rate of decline in aqueous-phase concentrations of herbicide than in total soil concentrations, and hence a progressive increase in partition coefficient in favour of the adsorbed phase. In all of the incubations, however, adsorption of the herbicide was initially less than that measured using standard equilibration techniques that involved shaking with large volumes of solution relative to weights of soil. This may be explained by the ready availability of more adsorption sites in the shaken systems. With isoproturon and diuron, the changes in adsorption with time were similar at the two incubation temperatures. This indicates that the apparent changes in adsorption with these two compounds were not caused by preferential degradation in the soil solution, but by a slow equilibration with adsorption sites. The results with the weakly adsorbed compound metsulfuron-methyl, however, suggested the possibility of preferential degradation in the solution phase because, when degradation was slow, the absolute amounts adsorbed remained constant or increased slightly, even although solution concentrations declined. Implications of the results for pesticide behaviour in soils in the field are discussed.BBSRC and MAFF (UK)Peer reviewe

Procedimiento de utilización del herbicida propizamida en semillas de siembra de girasol para el control de la maleza parásita jopo (Orobanche cernua Loefl).

Referencia OEPM: P9402151.-- Fecha de solicitud: 14/10/1994.-- Titular: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).Peer reviewe

Procedimiento de utilización del herbicida imazetapir en semillas de siembra de guisantes para el control de la maleza parásita jopo (Orobanche crenata Forsk).

Referencia OEPM: P9402149.-- Fecha de solicitud: 14/10/1994.-- Titular: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).Peer reviewe